Displays and Lighting: OLED, e-paper, electroluminescent and beyond

Sept. 9, 2009 - PRLog -- Report Summary

Electronics will never be the same
A revolution is in the making. Electronics will never be the same as new applications are spawned. Invisible, origami, edible electronics, low cost materials and manufacturing will lead to the use of electronics in spaces traditionally bare of their functionality.

The research and growth of new technologies, along with new materials and processing methods, is resulting in the increasing penetration of innovative electronics and the emergence of new products in the competitive fields of displays and lighting. Eye-catching, animated billboards; large-area, thin, flexible displays with amazing colour contrasts; windows that are converted into surface lighting elements at night.

We have been following this market closely and has compiled a new comprehensive report on the technologies that are promising to be a "visual feast", a challenge to the senses.

The report is divided into four main parts.

Analysis of the emerging technologies
An analysis of some of the most promising emerging technologies, explaining the underlying technical principles, materials and processing techniques as well as challenges and hurdles to be overcome.

Technologies covered include emissive and non emissive displays with a particular focus on flexible and printed technologies:

Inorganic & Organic Electroluminescence (OLED)
Electrophoretic & Electrochromic devices
Liquid crystal, plasma and field emission displays
Company and research institute profiling
Company and research institute profiling: A comprehensive list of companies, university research centres and research institutes involved with the research and development of one or more of these technologies. The most active ones are profiled in more detail, with information that detail activities, developments, successes and future plans.
Applications
Applications. New applications and products that are helping innovators find their niche markets and establish their competitive advantage.
Patterning techniques
An overview of printing technologies that lend themselves to mass production and to the low-cost progression from lab scale development to full production.

The new electronics are predicted to be worth US$47 Billion by 2018, with the market share for innovative display and lighting technologies being a big part of the overall market. The Our forecasts included in this report give a detailed view of the predicted growth in the next decade by technology, application and display size.

Report Outline

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. BACKPLANES
3. DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES
3.1. Non Emissive
3.1.1. Electrochromic (EC)
3.1.2. Liquid Crystal (LCD)
3.1.3. Electrophoretic (EP)
3.1.4. Electrowetting (EW)
3.1.5. Thermochromic
3.2. Emissive
3.2.1. Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
3.2.2. Field Emission Display (FED)
3.2.3. Plasma Display (PDP)
3.2.4. Electroluminescent (EL)
3.2.5. Organic Light Emitting (OLED)
4. MATERIALS
4.1.1. Substrates
4.1.2. Metals
4.1.3. Polymer films
4.1.4. Paper
4.1.5. Fabric or textiles
4.2. Encapsulation
4.2.2. Vitex
4.2.3. GE
4.2.4. 3M
4.2.5. Others
5. APPLICATIONS
5.1. (Smart) Cards
5.1.1. Secure financial cards
5.1.2. Stored value cards
5.1.3. Novelty
5.2. Mobile Devices/Consumer Electronics
5.2.1. Electronic Readers
5.2.2. Mobile Telephone
5.2.3. Dynamic Keypads
5.2.4. Watches
5.2.5. Storage
5.2.6. Wearable/conformable
5.2.7. Medical
5.2.8. Skins for mobile devices
5.2.9. Greeting Cards
5.2.10. Electronic Tablets
5.2.11. Others
5.3. Digital Signage
5.3.2. Smart Labels
5.4. Others
5.4.1. Military/Security
5.4.2. Automotive
5.4.3. High quality displays
5.4.4. Transparent
6. PATTERNING TECHNIQUES
6.1. Physical phenomena
6.2. Printing/patterning process taxonomy
6.3. Printing process considerations
6.3.1. Physical (size) requirements
6.3.2. Material requirements
6.3.3. Economic considerations
6.3.4. Other considerations
6.4. Printing Processes
6.4.1. Flexography
6.4.2. Letterpress
6.4.3. Soft Lithography
6.4.4. Gravure
6.4.5. Gravure Offset (Pad)
6.4.6. Offset Lithography
6.4.7. Screen
6.4.8. Ink-jet
6.4.9. Thermal/ablation
6.4.10. Aerosol Jet
6.4.11. Liquid dispensing
7. COMPANIES
7.1. OLED: Materials & Licensing
7.1.1. Cambridge Display Technology (CDT) - Sumation™
7.1.2. DuPont
7.1.3. Kodak
7.1.4. Novaled
7.1.5. OLED-T
7.2. OLED Displays
7.2.1. LG
7.2.2. Pioneer
7.2.3. RiTdisplay
7.2.4. Samsung SDI
7.2.5. Seiko Epson
7.2.6. SONY
7.2.7. TDK
7.2.8. Toshiba Matsushita Display Technology (TMD)
7.2.9. Universal Display Corporation
7.2.10. Beijing Visionox Technology Company ltd.
7.3. OLED lighting
7.3.1. Add-vision Inc. (AVI)
7.3.2. General Electric (GE)
7.3.3. Lumiotec Inc.
7.3.4. OSRAM Opto Semiconductors
7.3.5. PHILIPS
7.4. E-paper displays
7.4.2. LG
7.4.3. Nemoptic
7.4.4. Plastic Logic
7.4.5. Polymer Vision
7.4.6. The four basic steps in making Polymer Vision's rollable display
7.5. Inorganic Electroluminescent (EL)
7.5.1. Elumin8
7.5.2. Luminous Media
7.5.3. Pelikon
7.5.4. Rogers Corporation
7.5.5. Schreiner VarioLight
7.6. Research groups
7.6.1. USA
7.6.2. Asia
7.6.3. Europe
7.7. Manufacturers
7.8. Chemicals
8 APPENDIX: REFERENCES

TABLES
3.1. Selected electrical properties of metals
4.1. Dimensional stability of selected substrate materials
4.2. Properties of polymer films
4.3. Summary of properties for heat stabilized PET and PEN
4.4. Water vapor and oxygen transmission rates of various materials
4.5. Requirements of barrier materials
4.6. Oxygen transmission rates of polypropylene with various coatings
5.1. Quotes from major book publishers about electronic publishing
5.2. Performance characteristics of SiPix E-book media
5.3. Automotive display requirements
6.1. Printing processes and the physical phenomena they are based upon
6.2. Printing process parameter and issue comparison
6.3. Advantages and disadvantages of flexographic printing for functional materials.
6.4. Advantages and disadvantages of microcontact printing
6.5. Comparison of flexography with microcontact printing
6.6. Summary of gravure printing features.
6.7. Summary of pad printing characteristics
6.8. Offset lithography capability summary
6.9. Screen printing capability comparison
6.10. Summary of ink-jet printing features
6.11. Thermal transfer printing feature summary
FIGURES
2.1. Pelikon remote control with iconic displays
2.2. Primero 6 Digit, 7-segment printed display module from Aveso.
2.3. Optical micrograph of TFT array processed using Digital Lithography.12
2.4. Cross sectional view of printed multilayer pixel architechture from Plastic Logic.17
2.5. All additive OTFT AM backplane on PEN
2.6. Readius rollable display by Polymer Vision
3.1. Acreo electrochromic display and structure
3.2. Custom displays, using Aveso electrochromic technology
3.3. Side view of Aveso display
3.4. Chemistry of Aveso electrochromic display
3.5. Aveso inlays, showing battery, display, and switch
3.6. Siemens Electrochromic display
3.7. Structure of NTERA electrochromic display
3.8. Diagram of the construction and operation of a twisted nematic liquid crystal display (TN-LCD)
3.9. Structure of TFT-LCD
3.10. Structure and example of Printed OTFT TN LCD from Plastic Logic
3.11. 30 µm droplets of spacer ball droplets (3.1-4.5 µm diameter) before drying, deposited by ink jet
3.12. ChLC droplets prepared by membrane emulsification
3.13. Comparison of ChLC stacking structures a) Shared electrode b) conventional
3.14. ChLC displays produced by PIPS
3.15. Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Displays
3.16. Schematic cross section of FLC display pixel
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