How does a rotary vane vacuum pump work?

FOSHAN, China - Sept. 11, 2023 - PRLog -- Oil sealed rotary vane vacuum pump working principle

A rotary vane vacuum pump (referred to as a rotary vane pump) is an oil-sealed mechanical vacuum pump. Its working pressure range is 101325~1.33×10-2 (Pa), which belongs to the low vacuum pump. It can be used alone or as a backing pump for other high vacuum pumps or ultra-high vacuum pumps. It has been widely used in production and scientific research departments such as metallurgy, machinery, military industry, electronics, chemical industry, light industry, petroleum, and medicine.

The rotary vane pump can pump out the dry gas in the sealed container, and if it is equipped with a gas ballast device, it can also pump out a certain amount of condensable gas. However it is not suitable for pumping gas with high oxygen content, corrosive to metal, and chemical reactions to pump oil and dust particles.

The rotary vane pump is one of the most basic vacuum-obtaining equipment in vacuum technology. Rotary vane pumps are mostly small and medium-sized pumps. There are two types of rotary vane pumps: single-stage and two-stage. The so-called two-stage is to connect two single-stage pumps in a series structure. Generally, it is made into two stages to obtain a higher vacuum degree. The relationship between the pumping speed and the inlet pressure of the rotary vane pump is stipulated as follows: when the inlet pressure is 1333Pa, 1.33Pa, and 1.33×10-1 (Pa), the pumping speed value shall not be lower than 95%, 50% and 20%of the nominal pumping speed of the pump.

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The rotary vane pump is mainly composed of the pump body, rotor, rotary vane, end cover, spring, and so on. A rotor is eccentrically installed in the cavity of the rotary vane pump, the outer circle of the rotor is tangent to the inner surface of the pump cavity (there is a small gap between the two), and two rotary vanes with springs are installed in the rotor slot. When rotating, relying on the centrifugal force and the tension of the spring to keep the top of the rotary vane in contact with the inner wall of the pump chamber, the rotation of the rotor drives the rotary vane to slide along the inner wall of the pump chamber.

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