Boosting the Fitness of Neurons Against Aging and Neurodegeneration

DURHAM, N.C. - May 2, 2024 - PRLog -- A research study by scientists at Duke University Medical Center uncovered activities of a target, called Ranbp2 that remodel the expression of chaperones in neuronal tissues prone to photo-damage and accelerated aging. The work of researchers led by Dr. Paulo Ferreira at Duke indicates that the remodeling of a network of chaperones by Ranbp2 preordains the protection of certain cells and tissues against noxious stressors, which compromise neuronal function and survival.

Chaperones belong to a family of diverse proteins, which play essential but complementary roles in maintaining the homeostasis of proteins in cells. Chaperones prevent the malfunctioning, damage, clumping, and deposits of proteins by associating with substrates and by promoting their stability. Chaperones also facilitate the proper degradation (turnover) of proteins. Impairment of protein homeostasis that causes protein deposits is a hallmark feature of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD), Alzheimer's, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's, and other diseases. Notably, aging also subdues the induction of chaperones. This outcome is thought to compromise cellular fitness and how cells cope against a wide spectrum of environmental stressors.

The researchers at Duke found that loss of a foldase activity linked to Ranbp2 induces the robust up-regulation of a subset of chaperones, called Crystallins. In addition, they found that the induction of Crystallins leads to a decline of proteins targeted for degradation with aging. Crystallins are conspicuously soluble, and they provide lifelong transparency and structural stability to the lens of the eye, where they predominate. Photodamage of the lens Crystallins leads to cataracts and vision impairment with aging.

The study found that basal levels of expression of Crystallins are found in other tissues, such as those lining the back of the eye - the retina and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). These tissues are critical for the initiation and processing of vision before visual signals are transmitted to the brain. These tissues are also highly prone to photodamage with aging. The confluence of these factors with genetic predispositions is associated with AMD disease, a prevalent neurodegenerative and blindness disease of the elderly.

About Duke University Medical Center

Duke University Medical Center is the name given to the group of patient care, education and medical research facilities on the medical campus of Duke University in Durham, North Carolina.

About Duke Department of Pathology

The Department of Pathology is a critical core service in the nationally-recognized Duke Health Systems and School of Medicine, serving three hospitals, community practices, and the Durham VA Hospital.